Arguments are the different roles or noun phrases in a sentence. For example, the sentence “I saw his dog in the park” can be broken down into the arguments “I”, “his dog”, and “(in) the park”.
When we say “the arguments of a verb”, we mean the arguments that the verb is reguired to have. For example, “eat” needs two arguments: who is eating and what they are eating; but “sleep” only needs one argument: who is sleeping.
